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The St. Croix Chippewa Indians (Ojibwe language: ''Manoominikeshiinyag'', the "Ricing Rails") are a historical Band of Ojibwe located along the St. Croix River, which forms the boundary between the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. The majority of the St. Croix Band are divided into two groups: the federally recognized St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin, and the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Minnesota, who are one of four constituent members forming the federally recognized Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe. The latter is one of six bands in the federally recognized Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. ==History== The ''Manoominikeshiinyag'' were one of the three major Bands forming the ''Biitan-akiing-enabijig'' (Border Sitters), named because of their proximity to the Eastern Dakota peoples. In turn, the ''Biitan-akiing-enabijig'' were a sub-Nation of the ''Gichigamiwininiwag'' (Lake Superior Men). The St. Croix Band arrived in the area nearly 600 years ago; according to their oral tradition, they were directed to move southward from Lake Superior to "the place where there is food upon the waters." In colonizing the St. Croix River valley and its tributaries, the St. Croix Band entered into a fierce territorial dispute with the Eastern Dakota and the Fox. Eight other Native American Tribes were also located in the St. Croix River Valley. To this day in the Ojibwe language, the headwaters of the St. Croix River is called "Manoominikeshiinyag-ziibi" (Ricing Rail River), the St. Croix River below the confluence of the Namekegon River as "Gichi-ziibi" (Big River) and below the confluence of Trade River as "Jiibayaatigo-ziibi" (Grave-marker River). The name "St. Croix River" was based on the "Jiibayaatigo-ziibi" name of the river. St. Croix Band was originally divided into the following sub-bands: * Apple River Band * Clam River Band * Kettle River Band * Knife River Band * Rice River Band * Rush River Band * Snake River Band * Sunrise River Band * Tamarack River Band * Totogatic River Band * Wolf River Band * Wood River Band * Yellow River Band Due to the inter-relationship and marriages with the Eastern Dakota peoples, the Knife, Rice, Rush, Snake, Sunrise and Apple River bands were considered equally Dakota as Ojibwe. Consequently, citizens from these Bands may have had Dakota names, many were of the Ma'iingan (Wolf) Doodem, and some Chiefs, such as Shak'pi, signed treaties both as Ojibwe and as Dakota. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St. Croix Chippewa Indians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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